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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ; [5 V6 l" C6 { v2 r
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( @, h3 n2 c4 KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. i/ H# R) G7 imso-font-kerning:0pt">1; p- ?: {6 y6 F2 b# N6 x7 l- r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：6 s' G( w* ?. p: n6 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">"# ]5 C5 M. p* P* c% F/ ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。' v/ r/ T1 }3 t5 k- }& Xcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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; d- l% W% r$ i6 q: mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。* V- m% g/ i) G1 N: q: U3 K3 X
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9 t' E4 F& S% z- Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。, [* E9 S- I( p1 \1 A, imso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。6 f$ Z9 Z& b. p$ G. E2 m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服9 m) Y5 T/ e; T& j
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2 `: V( @5 r* a2 MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢+ L$ }0 P8 t* {6 X) ]9 u
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, |0 J4 X# \% \$ Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服/ Z0 `. [2 B, R' ~8 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# s: i. c. i1 f* p+ c0 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的/ H* J" j8 v. m" B1 ^, T* Q S) @mso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 U4 K& @' x( efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: ^, s S( {" O3 w; a4 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。' b( i) c, v4 C) i# h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新% f8 P1 m; u7 ]4 ?% U0 ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白& V5 x# O+ H: p! vmso-font-kerning:0pt"> . M* F* |& f. u- d& X. N7 m
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+ a9 Y6 U: A+ G3 F7 VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学! M! j' `9 Z+ n/ B, ?( J% Mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * P1 z% C1 n7 U+ M# y1 X0 t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么: S7 U2 Y) R9 c9 o$ I* {mso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ N8 o, q% w0 Y2 _4 Q: Z: K" V( ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ d( j# X" D# q" G/ ?! Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？7 _0 c( u, }/ b- n1 X6 o: M
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2 M. H* x* v+ d0 C8 i+ r) e4 r: a2 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。9 B7 _: l; f9 S. c0 t
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5 A- G$ J% A) G2 t: q% L8 ~9 M* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”! K; I* ~5 e" D+ I6 v& k. M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说1 [- B0 v: w: H) |) L4 D
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8 Z3 k8 J2 t( v7 z4 XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服% S2 [5 y% y' h j. R6 W0pt"> 4 ]- ?' N+ r; }2 ~3 q, N" P
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9 q* ~' m$ C; b& e/ ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚6 g [5 A! e; A- L$ Y3 g$ d9 {
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！0 k# I9 X% q' e3 }! _7 Y. w: tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - Z6 o0 N( m; h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假3 t& F/ A; w' {$ o( X7 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 h6 t- P: f/ t' }9 x
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% I& x+ F( R9 l( n) m6 F: PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是, w" _4 ^$ B; F4 f3 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 C' |% T E8 n. `; Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 D j: D ~. d
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题$ g- o- v1 D/ u) j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。" Z6 F( d7 \6 y
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" |- R3 b5 l( m: \7 W3 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴7 |! K2 t8 T% n, E3 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 Y* H/ h1 Z, s* [/ `# n& ~6 Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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