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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 K9 V/ x/ d3 z( X4 T% b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. m+ r4 U' o/ z* h7 X; e/ T9 b
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+ X4 b! n" O, a5 w5 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。7 F( L S; o, @5 j0 \& k& }1 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。 Z# g- e2 Z5 Z. p2 r! T3 N( X5 R* \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, x: t4 u% R- Q7 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) E4 y% w6 z& s& Z7 W) T1 K8 n/ p* W
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4 `( B% l( P2 |3 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经, Y, k; S R# e8 F/ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">•5 p) p/ S) E! [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。 ?- c; D/ H" o( {$ x. cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：# H# ?$ V- b8 ]& K# v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是! b& N+ b2 q! B6 S, q8 m* ^9 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。. c5 A) w1 _/ _( e: w10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？; }3 s3 D, u2 f0 Z; i+ v
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6 y7 G) w. {* _, q5 a7 sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，2 l; F( h9 s$ s D7 i3 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">"; b/ y2 C) `0 {, b& R2 L6 e# ~! \
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/ h- J' L2 y4 ?! Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。5 m9 v5 H: N0 m5 emso-font-kerning:0pt"> & _4 O0 |2 n: X. y* F) j6 a" m. }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐5 Q+ f) N; G' A3 S- `; m
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种! L9 n4 n$ h# m9 L6 `$ a# U( nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" M" [( c% Q5 |/ |2 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的! I# V1 ^1 c0 u. j2 O! A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，: c0 [* D% y! H6 K3 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- @8 h8 Q3 ^9 }- N& Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ P* V+ M2 W$ d, D$ s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。1 f1 K3 E# E; n' U3 ^" R) e/ {
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+ w3 q4 o1 t NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌$ _8 a& C0 W& v9 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">305: \& W- q1 G2 W( g! N# \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视# A$ h- S, o* @0 P$ y8 |/ L
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9 F9 t1 K/ M) `+ ~1 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：( p, R% O# X4 }8 N& V4 B( ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# y% p% g; `, _: U, t, cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 i) b: t3 q& {. R3 J [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。- x3 S; I% l" O$ P6 I# k
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) |$ b* H. V* x2 N5 O4 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。/ K5 D3 `- O- S8 L) ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 |( w. g" X, x# Z B" Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& e9 f$ m( _" Q c+ g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过5 ?* S6 S" B( c9 P
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8 N# W' p* Q2 z! n2 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。" p8 l; T% \5 M) Z- B, u
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9 F9 ~8 Q- T" m. W4 fTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英1 [% P! m' {0 k; B2 x6 \ g0pt">： # N% a9 u+ d+ o) c1 H3 L m0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。; s4 R# {" T: x1 k, D- Z$ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">——- P) D; ^& }6 q- {, l. p0 V
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# R3 L0 M$ r9 Q7 L3 Y) J7 [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃" M1 f; W5 g8 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' N5 p6 P) _! g0 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( M# o$ p( O( i8 E: J' b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批+ d$ H7 H: D+ y* d7 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”. `* d/ T, W A) d5 x4 e+ S6 t! \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。 P1 n! ?/ n" K) a/ f) m7 ]9 v& Lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 5 i/ I+ |' z) A! r: N. O; V5 U
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4 X+ n0 t6 K' h. I* G2 G6 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。$ u& n& E/ @3 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) S/ P- }3 P9 z) e
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6 S s K* n0 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于5 s8 a, @3 v: ]' }$ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, f% e/ [% q( x! v
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 p! R/ b4 D# M$ R6 r
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观 _5 H: F' ?1 j- s+ v8 v( {$ |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群9 M: y- m: \+ _
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2 j4 j' {) u# ^. G* C2 n1 B+ h% Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨- J& R w% m8 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓' t$ _: B1 b, H8 {5 e1 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓) r, Y x: u) X1 m- i0 V" ?1 L
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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6 D; D# ?# P9 c: G" c% jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓; N; h7 Q/ u; Y# l8 T2 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: A% }+ \& r( h( M; vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓' d, z) u T* ]5 Y; l2 Y" o' L+ [/ C' f
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 P5 {7 \9 }5 u0 X# F- q. d
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨 j9 ~# L/ U3 }9 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" D* B! ^! [' @" l% T4 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% M* _; ^& F( Q/ O' C( Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼8 W. R2 @( R5 ~3 {4 z
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d( n/ G6 @5 t# y2 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤9 f c- j9 O5 H) v: H
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8 v( Y& e, T$ M+ d( Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 ?$ T8 ^8 u0 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">.8 }; C+ X/ ~% v; C( H- e
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1 @$ M( ^2 n% I% ^9 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能" O6 O- J3 d8 }6 q2 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒! _5 y. W9 D6 y$ z0 F( I" imso-font-kerning:0pt">”) V6 w0 m4 v. ?0 c3 m0 z g$ c- lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ O1 t) z1 h$ w6 l/ I7 ^( O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹1 X' j9 v% Z/ ~3 w6 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">.6 m m5 i T* {2 ?! ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 U1 |; W/ E( m) v4 J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人$ T: M) d2 y( E. H% u8 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪8 x* k! J5 Y7 y1 ? [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。7 V/ s* \( q% k/ f, u5 T
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% T' ^) L8 F1 o* `" n7 V( |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。9 X" e' }* |, h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理* i2 y2 b) J$ J, G. L8 N/ v
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0 u! a) |+ H4 ?6 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。" A3 B8 R c- R' rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱' O3 H& y& H8 d) k% amso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 U/ w9 N# E$ g3 m$ u
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5 |' M. f" ]' [( BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧2 R7 d" h2 o2 ]" Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% E- W, I! J6 ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
