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7 T% U5 |' k9 S2 I" qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, * ]& K6 c5 i5 ~9 J, Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 3 m9 g' ~" `, a! h- `2 J8 D
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" r W4 x! D1 C {2 d% G7 [7 J"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 2 U- v* u. ~' J2 Q- W; U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,+ X# v% b/ h7 a0 w. {2 U3 b4 ^
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' h+ r0 r- \" T) Z% q c; z"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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+ @% v$ L4 d) w, o0 c5 y" ]! o3 @7 |. g6 ?: \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, " g; A# \2 u& ]- p& I宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, g" k2 a2 e' L- v8 i8 T0 \
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( s( t0 \) m1 e4 a5 Y5 C"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
9 w* s* w1 ~- w" p5 a" m$ v: X% u1 }" @. d n& c8 H! Q. K6 qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, $ {# g6 P& T# |" k& b4 w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 1 g; c. ~6 d% f0 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 R& h0 W9 R7 P: ^3 Y( J' u _7 P4 |"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, / D) I' M. r3 [2 H' o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 4 Y* k% M: B) V Q& H
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 0 f, |0 h, g& Y1 V0 g- J
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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6 V. x# `6 }% \) v/ }* Z3 ~2 l# g( ~ R$ Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, - A; t8 x7 r5 N8 j. _8 J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ * I- w, J* r8 r+ |宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” $ b$ Y5 T& b5 z% s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 1 E( ]; M# l7 h2 a宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” & E& ]0 d' n6 g+ z6 y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 5 t6 m+ O; h% U3 i. P) a
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 P2 q8 J; C9 q7 z A6 v"Times New Roman"">前者为因, ( O# A) S! G5 m2 D3 o ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, ; E$ P5 [# }5 V! x8 m6 g6 ]& c8 q! J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. Z* I6 U3 X3 d: s* W' s; v! z
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
7 t0 C% f: ^/ [- O# C. a+ ~. ~5 d; R0 E6 `& y& smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, . `1 }) U! p1 u! t
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 9 u$ r4 f! G/ ~. r$ Z1 |" M& pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
9 }1 @8 L. t, j; M8 g"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, , _, Z8 q0 `. Q+ p# u
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: ; ^* G: a$ F$ T/ Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% g# K! x9 r' r. T$ [7 h* q
"Times New Roman"">“ Z5 e# H" l& ^' o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? - k8 X$ L' z+ e, _. P5 t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” H2 D' a! @4 \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 9 r, t$ |2 D; ^4 w Q) ^
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7 Y# f- [$ c! E" t"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:/ L# r( M, B4 b
$ u0 V( Q! p- a6 k( I* P/ ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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$ x1 a6 v: U7 V) Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 ' [9 ]$ [+ W5 o# C- Q" W+ U& r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, ' l, c3 i+ Y0 A$ \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: V* w& {+ Q1 v* m; `0 z$ `
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, ( A. H, `9 M0 ]0 _1 V, B( ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( a9 Y* \0 Z( m6 E; S) S8 I" U! w
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, , h+ N; a) U; s8 D9 }4 r
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 " s. |; [% ~' h8 y1 t. U mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里3 ]$ V/ W1 A! W8 c }% g+ n
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 3 w9 g; a) h7 h0 x5 r" W) I8 bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(! L. n2 _+ l* T' u5 R6 f( Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), % X+ c4 c& o( |: ~8 a- T7 g) Z$ ?
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( Y) P/ H: ^3 g8 C/ Z& v) N"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用! r( U$ H; B& D
12.0pt">, $ S2 `0 R1 \+ C+ }0 @# N* S; C"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, ! a* R# a9 x8 b4 L4 u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
O) f- C7 T% ]- z6 l7 R6 o2 ?"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, * b8 x0 N5 s& U+ Z+ B3 z B) v# |) imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为! `6 i- E$ x$ M
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, & e8 S% v8 T: k# h7 Y8 O
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& {( ~$ S" W' d2 r8 c5 G' f+ Y"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: 8 \8 [# ]3 @2 M4 Y, Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, % F8 M" J) `# b9 S* {$ E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, : D: ?; J' \! \) s# j% {
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"Times New Roman"">“ 1 O' O2 W6 z2 N3 ]% r' c
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”, d9 w1 c2 ?' v+ y; a K' w6 N, o12.0pt"> " [) t8 k* f! m9 C"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, 1 c1 u! U) R6 T' i6 a
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, * |. z* Y/ A+ k4 |/ P! c
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" |) E0 V' _! V, T* G5 }: Z Q
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, ' A) T' }% F O$ omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, ) w& h) f5 i7 Y/ @/ O( `9 Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 3 I& B6 C( b, G+ X' J4 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* h$ O! v( o/ h8 \9 \"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 3 a* B3 W( f/ @5 r5 C# V
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” ) w- F& \0 Z) f# D0 T8 N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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9 N; _/ l; ~/ l U% k' R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,* a0 v) ]# x' T; |! O! X2 E
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 - a& A. C/ J; `, E
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- P: P2 [: r; lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, - O* l6 E: V( }0 }& F+ [5 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 8 ]1 X! g9 Z" d2 F! u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ C( _7 _9 K0 O; \$ X1 D"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,; \ T* T) P' J/ y
* B; i) g% v8 O1 l# H$ Dmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 6 @* J; F9 F; F& Y& t8 @" wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* v, i" ?. r2 u+ Z
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章," ~# K' k$ b' T$ L6 }. y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 8 w1 G5 h' x: w9 d
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: U+ o3 y7 u5 f6 B) R"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题7 x- ?' e! K( ^, v" W4 L/ _' x12.0pt">: 6 U6 s4 W" v c0 r
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: T9 F, _! P, @9 O- K( X8 A, e9 Z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& c: ?" s# j5 M3 `"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才. ]9 ?& _& P4 M6 r4 Y$ @. _/ v2 g
12.0pt">, 0 I, _+ I: x H8 _; v5 Z1 j% n"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 1 ^$ S4 ^2 U! D) A3 F# V) vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 e. H. P* M, d' p8 E/ x"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; $ i; J5 {3 \4 Q( |
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 1 c% A' ~) P R1 P! ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 0 s1 K2 V8 \! C7 e$ efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: M- b. k! B; }: e$ _
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题* D8 L& U2 c3 m( ~+ k1 L! K& N
12.0pt">; . r% X9 i: [ q# ]"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 5 a, r- S/ B5 P' `* x) X2 W' Q4 A
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求9 h6 g9 t8 `; P0 e1 ~: }6 j12.0pt">: 4 w; ^/ s5 w! i @8 h
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; 9 P' F8 [9 [+ A' }& Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 E9 ]8 \6 m P"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, ! k* t( @: _9 K
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, ! L7 l* x y g' J( p0 J8 d
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 K) S+ f& c8 n* H% l' J' d"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统8 A: a5 c6 Y( S3 P2 c( G
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ & u" @4 c0 w0 M% ~+ U5 `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 6 J7 j |0 T/ p0 U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 ! w+ g/ O% q& a# H
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
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1 k1 s9 O3 y- b2 L"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 9 Z1 ?7 f8 ?8 \4 Y$ Y
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, , J4 M" q. P; Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, ; P1 S: o A0 S2 p* efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- E5 k7 F; d2 `9 \"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,2 D I. x9 t& ^0 v1 B- W8 c F
4 S) R9 I' s0 nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, ' {" T. u- n+ l: g5 A. N& X1 n
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"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 6 u. j* i6 V$ ^0 rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, ; U V- ^ z. R( Y1 \9 ~% Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: {& a, ^1 E1 {, e* D2 k3 `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' s, b# d( b7 \
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, ) t; {+ C+ T7 N$ u
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, ' a% _, {# D$ a4 E5 ^8 S: c' X
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! b/ t4 s8 P0 B' A, K"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, 8 O8 h2 W) O% F* ^+ H
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,% p) a+ @9 |1 M$ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
9 _9 D$ a5 y9 f+ ^! H# z"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定* c+ o: \( a8 J12.0pt">, 7 R3 E& m/ s- [6 M"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, . k Q1 e! A/ v. G" M! V5 {( dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 V% u( X& W6 k"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:0 Q& F3 E+ n7 w% \3 ?+ g" o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, / \1 h, Y+ ` d1 t7 h宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 8 t \4 Q8 X8 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ t+ I1 `8 |3 Q$ d: l"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, 0 H! h, G$ Z+ f- {7 [
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 6 x0 R1 f4 s- R# W1 G+ w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: G9 f9 e- z3 k" k: g( a. k
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 6 D( W+ C3 [$ `$ g& Y/ y- M+ x
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 9 Z9 r) v! [( k, B" F; {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, : |$ a7 r- G' E* Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' @5 R, ?$ d* m3 G$ Q
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
